Gene expression, influenced by both DNA and epigenetics, affects emotional regulation and stress responses across generations (Meaney & Szyf, 2005). Trauma-induced epigenetic changes, such as altered DNA methylation, have been observed in descendants of Holocaust survivors (Yehuda et al., 2016) and animals exposed to fear-conditioning (Dias & Ressler, 2014). Variations in 5-HTTLPR (serotonin transport) and COMT (dopamine regulation) genes also contribute to inherited anxiety and mood disorders (