1. Functions -- 2. Data -- 3. Spatial -- 4. Topology -- 5. Environmental data collections -- 6. Examples -- 7. Bias -- 8. Autocorrelation -- 9. Non-linearity -- 10 ...

A LARGE part of statistical theory is based on the assumption that measurements are distributed in normal probability curves and that the variance is constant. The normal curve was discovered by de ...

Decision-making inherently involves cause–effect relationships that introduce causal challenges. We argue that reliable algorithms for decision-making need to build upon causal reasoning. Addressing ...

James Chen, CMT is an expert trader, investment adviser, and global market strategist. Khadija Khartit is a strategy, investment, and funding expert, and an educator of fintech and strategic finance ...

Our model not only sets a new standard in retirement research, but we’ll also be able to identify actionable insights for policymakers and plan sponsors to improve product design, all with the goal of ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

Causal Machine Learning (CML) unites ML techniques with CI in order to take advantage of both approaches’ strengths. CML ...

Paris Fashion Week is no stranger to a gimmick. There was Coperni spraying a dress onto a model in 2022, followed by Schiaparelli’s faux animal heads a year later, and then Robert Wun’s ...

Lisa Rinna and Harry Hamlin share two daughters, who are both models Francesca Gariano is a contributing writer at PEOPLE. She has been working at PEOPLE since 2022. Her work has previously appeared ...