Abstract: Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) threats in Smart Grid are very challenging and considered one of the most destructive cyber-attacks. They are harmfully affecting the power sector and ...

Python 3.15 introduces an immutable or ‘frozen’ dictionary that is useful in places ordinary dicts can’t be used.

Abstract: This paper focuses on solving the linear quadratic regulator problem for discrete-time linear systems without knowing system matrices. The classical Q-learning methods for linear systems can ...