We introduce a polarization-agnostic method for Gaussian-modulated coherent-state (GCMS) continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD). Due to the random and continuous nature of the GCMS ...

A continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV QKD) using a true local (located at the receiver) oscillator (LO) has been proposed to remove any possibility of side-channel attacks associated with ...

What Is A Probability Density Function? A probability density function, also known as a bell curve, is a fundamental statistics concept, that describes the likelihood of a continuous random variable ...

Roll a die and ask students to identify the random variable. Since a die can only take on values of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, this is a discrete random variable. Repeat ...

The FactorGraph package provides the set of different functions to perform inference over the factor graph with continuous or discrete random variables using the belief propagation algorithm. A ...

A random variable is a variable whose possible values are numerical outcomes of a random phenomenon. It is a fundamental concept in probability and statistics, used to quantify and analyze random ...

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution offers simple, stable and easy-to-implement key distribution systems. The discrete modulation scheme further reduces the technical difficulty. The main ...

Abstract: In this work, we propose a novel procedure for deriving a discrete counterpart to a continuous probability distribution. This procedure or, better, this class of procedures, is based on an ...