1. Introduction -- 2. From Julius Caesar to simple substitution -- 3. Polyalphabetic systems -- 4. Jigsaw ciphers -- 5. Two-letter ciphers -- 6. Codes -- 7. Ciphers for spies -- 8. Producing random ...

Introduction to ciphers and substitution. Alice and Bob and Carl and Julius: terminology and Caesar Cipher ; The key to the matter: generalizing the Caesar Cipher ; Multiplicative ciphers ; Affine ...

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January 2, 2026: Happy New Year, agents! We checked for new Valorant codes. What are the new Valorant codes? Everyone likes it when they get free stuff, and it's even better when it's for hugely ...

January 2, 2026: Happy New Year! We added two new Warframe codes that provide glyphs. What are the new Warframe codes? If you're on the hunt for free glyphs and cosmetics, you're in luck - we've got a ...

2nd January 2026: We added new Genshin Impact codes. Like a lot of free-to-play games, Genshin Impact has an in-game currency called Primogems that you'll find yourself quickly spending on Wish Items ...

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