Evidence is gathered about student achievement or understanding. The information allows the instructor or learner to alter future instructional steps. It is done to improve learning outcomes (Black & ...

In well-designed courses, summative assessments align to and measure specific learning outcomes of a course. Therefore, the better students perform on these indicators, the more likely they are to ...

Summative assessments are implemented at the end of a unit, course, or instructional period to evaluate how well students have achieved the learning objectives, such as knowledge, skills, and ...

Student peer assessments provide opportunities for classmates to give and receive meaningful feedback, building valuable skills for both reviewers and recipients. Reviewers develop the ability to ...

Direct Measures of student learning consider actual student work or behavior as evidence of student learning outcomes. Direct measures are most often drawn from student work embedded in a course (such ...

Student learning outcomes (SLOs) allow us to determine whether students are reaching the goals and objectives that we want them to achieve. They are expressed as specific statements describing the ...

Teachers need more support to move testing from a “necessary evil” to a classroom tool, experts say. While summative assessments—like unit quizzes or annual ...

As an educator and leader who grades holistically, it becomes important to consider how to create well rounded assessments that offer students myriad different opportunities to demonstrate their ...

Visit NAP.edu/10766 to get more information about this book, to buy it in print, or to download it as a free PDF. Three important caveats should be borne in mind when reading this chapter. First, the ...

The Cognitive and Practical Skills domain involves acquiring and analyzing knowledge and skills and integrating them in a way that allows for effectively managing one’s daily affairs and meeting ...