For all electrically conductive Fluid or liquid level measurement, this single-chip circuit is very compact and simple. This circuit is a voltage level sensor encouraged the AC bias supply for the ...

All the components are easily obtained or manufactured. Any non-magnetic metal can be used for the probe. In this case, stainless steel was used. TDR Detailed Implementation To make a TDR measurement, ...

First author Yasser Khan holds the sensor, which is made of an alternating array of printed LEDs and photodetectors that can detect blood-oxygen levels anywhere in the body. (Courtesy: Yasser Khan, ...